Post-socialist cities in the era of metropolisation: the transformation of social spaces in 21st-century Warsaw

How is Warsaw changing in the era of metropolisation? The process of uneven urban development and the creation of a dual city is leading to growing social diversity and socio-spatial polarisation. The creative and metropolitan classes are emerging in the advanced business services and creative industries sectors, all the while the labour market is experiencing growth in unskilled workers providing basic services. Warsaw's relatively low position in the global network of cities signifies that these classes have a smaller share in the social structure than in global cities. Another distinctive characteristic of the city is its relatively low degree of socio-spatial segregation, a legacy of the socialist development period.

Has the process of metropolisation given rise to an increase in socio-spatial diversity in Warsaw?

Will Warsaw's existing neighbourhoods become more homogeneous or socially differentiated?

How will social relations develop between long-established and new/immigrant residents in different types of neighbourhoods?